{ "_meta": { "dataset": "Landlord Atlas 50-State Landlord-Tenant Law Dataset", "dataset_version": "1.19.0", "published_at": "2026-08-26T14:30:00Z", "license": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/license/", "attribution": "Landlord Atlas (https://landlordatlas.com) — cite by name, link the relevant page, and carry the record's verification date.", "disclaimer": "Landlord Atlas is not a law firm. This dataset provides general information about state landlord-tenant statutes for informational purposes only. It is not legal advice and is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Use of this data does not create an attorney-client relationship. Laws change: rely on the citations and verification dates carried in each record, and confirm against the cited statute before acting.", "schema": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/schema.json", "changelog": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/changelog.json", "version_manifest": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/version.json", "contact": "contact@landlordatlas.com", "description": "Metro lookup: the 50 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas with the most renter households, each mapped to the verified rent-regulation preemption posture of every state the metro spans and to any local rent-regulation record inside it. A lookup over the state and locality records, not a separate dataset — every posture, citation, and verification date is the state record's own, and each locality entry points to its record and page.", "ranking": { "basis": "Metropolitan statistical areas in the 50 states ranked by renter-occupied households, ACS 2024 1-year estimates (table B25003, renter-occupied housing units, B25003_003E); total households (B25003_001E) and the July 1, 2024 resident population (POPESTIMATE2024) shown for context", "source": "U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2024 1-Year Estimates, table B25003 (Tenure), metropolitan statistical areas, via api.census.gov; population from Population Division — Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Vintage 2024 (cbsa-est2024-alldata.csv)", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs1/groups/B25003.html", "population_source_url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2024/metro/totals/cbsa-est2024-alldata.csv", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "metro_count": 50 }, "metro_count": 50, "localities_url": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/localities.json" }, "metros": [ { "rank": 1, "cbsa_code": "35620", "metro": "New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ", "renter_households_2024": 3653646, "households_2024": 7486828, "population_2024": 19940274, "principal_city": "New York", "principal_state": "NY", "states": [ { "state_code": "NY", "state": "New York", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "New York expressly authorizes local rent regulation — any city, town, or village may opt into rent stabilization under the Emergency Tenant Protection Act by declaring a housing emergency where the rental vacancy rate is five percent or less, an option the 2019 Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act extended statewide.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Emergency Tenant Protection Act of 1974 § 3 (Unconsol. Laws § 8623)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ETP/3", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-york/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ny.json" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "state": "New Jersey", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "New Jersey permits local rent control — more than one hundred municipalities have rent-control or rent-leveling ordinances, adopted under general municipal police powers upheld by the New Jersey Supreme Court — while state law expressly authorizes rent regulation of substandard multiple dwellings and exempts newly constructed multiple dwellings from local rent-increase limits for up to 30 years.", "citations": [ { "statute": "N.J.S.A. 2A:42-84.1 to -84.6 (new-construction exemption from local rent control; official DCA statute text)", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/dca/codes/publications/pdf_lti/new_const_m_dwell_law.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": "84.5(a)" }, { "statute": "N.J.S.A. 2A:42-74 et seq. (substandard multiple-dwelling rent control authorization; official DCA compilation)", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/dca/codes/codreg/pdf_regs/2A_42_74_et_seq.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/nj.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "NY", "locality": "New York City", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Regulation (Rent Stabilization, Rent Control, and Good Cause Eviction)", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-york/new-york-city/" }, { "state_code": "NY", "locality": "New York municipalities outside NYC", "record_type": "state_framework", "regime_name": "Emergency Tenant Protection Act (opt-in rent stabilization)", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-york/etpa-rent-stabilization/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Newark", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/newark/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Jersey City", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/jersey-city/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Hoboken", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/hoboken/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Fort Lee", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/fort-lee/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Elizabeth", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control and Stabilization", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/elizabeth/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Paterson", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Leveling", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/paterson/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Bayonne", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/bayonne/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "East Orange", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/east-orange/" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "locality": "Passaic", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/passaic/" } ] }, { "rank": 2, "cbsa_code": "31080", "metro": "Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA", "renter_households_2024": 2373302, "households_2024": 4583939, "population_2024": 12927614, "principal_city": "Los Angeles", "principal_state": "CA", "states": [ { "state_code": "CA", "state": "California", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "California cities and counties may adopt rent control, and many have, but state law limits how far local rules can reach — the Costa-Hawkins Act exempts newer buildings and single-family homes and lets landlords reset rent between tenancies, while a separate statewide cap of 5% plus inflation (max 10%) covers most other rentals through 2029 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.535, 1947.12).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.52 (Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.52&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.53&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12 (AB 1482 statewide cap)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1947.12&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ca.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Los Angeles", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization Ordinance (RSO)", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/los-angeles/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Santa Monica", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Control Law (City Charter Article XVIII)", "verified": "2026-08-16", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/santa-monica/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Pasadena", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Fair and Equitable Housing Charter Amendment (Measure H)", "verified": "2026-08-16", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/pasadena/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Los Angeles County (unincorporated)", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization and Tenant Protections Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/los-angeles-county/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Santa Ana", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization and Just Cause Eviction Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/santa-ana/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "West Hollywood", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/west-hollywood/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Beverly Hills", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization Ordinance (Chapter 5 and Chapter 6)", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/beverly-hills/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Inglewood", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Housing Protection Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/inglewood/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Culver City", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization Ordinance and Tenant Protections Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/culver-city/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Pomona", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization and Eviction Control Ordinance of 2025 (Ordinance No. 4359)", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/pomona/" } ] }, { "rank": 3, "cbsa_code": "16980", "metro": "Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN", "renter_households_2024": 1260204, "households_2024": 3690402, "population_2024": 9408576, "principal_city": "Chicago", "principal_state": "IL", "states": [ { "state_code": "IL", "state": "Illinois", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Illinois's Rent Control Preemption Act forbids every unit of local government, including home-rule cities such as Chicago, from controlling the amount of rent charged for private residential or commercial property; the only exception is housing the local government itself has an interest in.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Rent Control Preemption Act, 50 ILCS 825", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=748&ChapterID=11", "official": true, "pinpoint": "§§ 5, 10" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/illinois/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/il.json" }, { "state_code": "IN", "state": "Indiana", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "legislative_approval_exception", "summary": "Indiana law bars counties, cities, and towns from regulating rental rates for privately owned property unless the General Assembly authorizes it, with an exception for housing already subsidized by government funds to provide reduced rents to lower-income tenants.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ind. Code § 32-31-1-20", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/32#32-31-1-20", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(b)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/indiana/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/in.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "IL", "locality": "Chicago", "record_type": "no_local_regime", "regime_name": "Rent Control (none; barred by state law)", "verified": "2026-08-16", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/illinois/chicago/" } ] }, { "rank": 4, "cbsa_code": "19100", "metro": "Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX", "renter_households_2024": 1204598, "households_2024": 3012855, "population_2024": 8344032, "principal_city": "Dallas", "principal_state": "TX", "states": [ { "state_code": "TX", "state": "Texas", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "conditional_authorization", "summary": "Texas law allows a city to adopt rent control only in a declared housing emergency caused by a disaster and only with the governor's approval of the ordinance, which must end when the disaster declaration ends.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Tex. Loc. Gov't Code § 214.902", "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/LG/htm/LG.214.htm#214.902", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/texas/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/tx.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 5, "cbsa_code": "26420", "metro": "Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX", "renter_households_2024": 1086526, "households_2024": 2768708, "population_2024": 7796182, "principal_city": "Houston", "principal_state": "TX", "states": [ { "state_code": "TX", "state": "Texas", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "conditional_authorization", "summary": "Texas law allows a city to adopt rent control only in a declared housing emergency caused by a disaster and only with the governor's approval of the ordinance, which must end when the disaster declaration ends.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Tex. Loc. Gov't Code § 214.902", "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/LG/htm/LG.214.htm#214.902", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/texas/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/tx.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 6, "cbsa_code": "33100", "metro": "Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL", "renter_households_2024": 933538, "households_2024": 2382154, "population_2024": 6457988, "principal_city": "Miami", "principal_state": "FL", "states": [ { "state_code": "FL", "state": "Florida", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Florida law flatly bars cities and counties from adopting or keeping any measure that controls rents — the former pathway allowing one-year, referendum-approved rent control during a declared housing emergency was repealed in 2023 — though local governments may still use land-use tools like inclusionary housing ordinances to expand affordable housing.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 166.043 (municipalities)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0100-0199%2F0166%2FSections%2F0166.043.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" }, { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 125.0103 (counties)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0100-0199/0125/Sections/0125.0103.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/florida/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/fl.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 7, "cbsa_code": "47900", "metro": "Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV", "renter_households_2024": 884329, "households_2024": 2415530, "population_2024": 6436489, "principal_city": "Washington", "principal_state": null, "note": "The District of Columbia is not covered — Landlord Atlas records the 50 states. The postures given here are for the Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia portions of the metro, and the Maryland local records inside the metro are listed.", "states": [ { "state_code": "VA", "state": "Virginia", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "field_preemption", "summary": "Virginia law does not bar rent control by name, but the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act supersedes all local ordinances concerning landlord-tenant relations and residential leasing, and no statute grants localities authority to regulate rent — so cities and counties cannot enact rent control.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Va. Code § 55.1-1201", "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter12/section55.1-1201/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(A), (E)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/virginia/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/va.json" }, { "state_code": "MD", "state": "Maryland", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Maryland law does not preempt local rent regulation, and Takoma Park, Montgomery County, and Prince George's County each operate rent stabilization programs under local home-rule powers.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Md. Code, Local Gov't § 10-206 (Express Powers Act)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=glg§ion=10-206", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/maryland/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/md.json" }, { "state_code": "WV", "state": "West Virginia", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No West Virginia statute expressly addresses local rent control — state law neither authorizes nor prohibits city or county regulation of rent amounts, and no West Virginia locality has enacted rent control.", "citations": [], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/west-virginia/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/wv.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "MD", "locality": "Montgomery County", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/maryland/montgomery-county/" }, { "state_code": "MD", "locality": "Prince George's County", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Permanent Rent Stabilization and Protection Act", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/maryland/prince-georges-county/" }, { "state_code": "MD", "locality": "Takoma Park", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/maryland/takoma-park/" } ] }, { "rank": 8, "cbsa_code": "37980", "metro": "Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD", "renter_households_2024": 830097, "households_2024": 2505818, "population_2024": 6330422, "principal_city": "Philadelphia", "principal_state": "PA", "states": [ { "state_code": "PA", "state": "Pennsylvania", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No Pennsylvania statute expressly addresses local rent control; whether a municipality could regulate rents turns on the general limits of municipal power under state law rather than any express rent-regulation ban.", "citations": [], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/pennsylvania/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/pa.json" }, { "state_code": "NJ", "state": "New Jersey", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "New Jersey permits local rent control — more than one hundred municipalities have rent-control or rent-leveling ordinances, adopted under general municipal police powers upheld by the New Jersey Supreme Court — while state law expressly authorizes rent regulation of substandard multiple dwellings and exempts newly constructed multiple dwellings from local rent-increase limits for up to 30 years.", "citations": [ { "statute": "N.J.S.A. 2A:42-84.1 to -84.6 (new-construction exemption from local rent control; official DCA statute text)", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/dca/codes/publications/pdf_lti/new_const_m_dwell_law.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": "84.5(a)" }, { "statute": "N.J.S.A. 2A:42-74 et seq. (substandard multiple-dwelling rent control authorization; official DCA compilation)", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/dca/codes/codreg/pdf_regs/2A_42_74_et_seq.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-jersey/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/nj.json" }, { "state_code": "DE", "state": "Delaware", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No Delaware statute expressly addresses local rent control — state law neither prohibits nor authorizes rent regulation by cities or counties, and no Delaware municipality has adopted rent stabilization.", "citations": [], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/delaware/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/de.json" }, { "state_code": "MD", "state": "Maryland", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Maryland law does not preempt local rent regulation, and Takoma Park, Montgomery County, and Prince George's County each operate rent stabilization programs under local home-rule powers.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Md. Code, Local Gov't § 10-206 (Express Powers Act)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=glg§ion=10-206", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/maryland/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/md.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 9, "cbsa_code": "41860", "metro": "San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA", "renter_households_2024": 795678, "households_2024": 1770425, "population_2024": 4648486, "principal_city": "San Francisco", "principal_state": "CA", "states": [ { "state_code": "CA", "state": "California", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "California cities and counties may adopt rent control, and many have, but state law limits how far local rules can reach — the Costa-Hawkins Act exempts newer buildings and single-family homes and lets landlords reset rent between tenancies, while a separate statewide cap of 5% plus inflation (max 10%) covers most other rentals through 2029 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.535, 1947.12).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.52 (Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.52&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.53&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12 (AB 1482 statewide cap)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1947.12&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ca.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "San Francisco", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/san-francisco/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Oakland", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Adjustment Program", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/oakland/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Berkeley", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization and Eviction for Just Cause Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-16", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/berkeley/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Richmond", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Fair Rent, Just Cause for Eviction and Homeowner Protection Ordinance (Measure L)", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/richmond/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Hayward", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Residential Rent Stabilization and Tenant Protection Ordinance", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/hayward/" } ] }, { "rank": 10, "cbsa_code": "12060", "metro": "Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA", "renter_households_2024": 792937, "households_2024": 2390346, "population_2024": 6411149, "principal_city": "Atlanta", "principal_state": "GA", "states": [ { "state_code": "GA", "state": "Georgia", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Georgia law bars every county and city from enacting, maintaining, or enforcing any ordinance that regulates rent on privately owned residential rental property, while leaving local governments free to set rents on housing they own and to make rent agreements for such properties.", "citations": [ { "statute": "O.C.G.A. § 44-7-19 (official O.C.G.A. portal)", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/", "official": true, "pinpoint": null }, { "statute": "O.C.G.A. § 44-7-19 (current-code mirror)", "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-44/chapter-7/article-1/section-44-7-19/", "official": false, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/georgia/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ga.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 11, "cbsa_code": "14460", "metro": "Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH", "renter_households_2024": 768130, "households_2024": 1970240, "population_2024": 5025517, "principal_city": "Boston", "principal_state": "MA", "states": [ { "state_code": "MA", "state": "Massachusetts", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Massachusetts law prohibits cities and towns from enacting rent control of any kind, allowing only a narrow opt-in scheme in which owner compliance is voluntary and the municipality must compensate owners from general funds — a pathway no municipality uses.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 40P, § 4", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40P/Section4", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/massachusetts/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ma.json" }, { "state_code": "NH", "state": "New Hampshire", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No New Hampshire statute expressly addresses local rent control — state law neither authorizes municipalities to adopt rent-stabilization ordinances nor expressly prohibits them from doing so.", "citations": [], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-hampshire/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/nh.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "MA", "locality": "Boston", "record_type": "no_local_regime", "regime_name": "Rent Control (none; barred by state law)", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/massachusetts/boston/" } ] }, { "rank": 12, "cbsa_code": "42660", "metro": "Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA", "renter_households_2024": 690498, "households_2024": 1658652, "population_2024": 4145494, "principal_city": "Seattle", "principal_state": "WA", "states": [ { "state_code": "WA", "state": "Washington", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "Washington cities and counties are barred from enacting local rent control, but since May 7, 2025 state law itself caps most residential rent increases — no increase in a tenancy's first 12 months, then the lesser of 7% plus CPI or 10% per year (5% for manufactured-home lot rents) — so the state sets the only rent limits and localities may not add their own.", "citations": [ { "statute": "RCW 35.21.830 (cities and towns)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=35.21.830", "official": true, "pinpoint": null }, { "statute": "RCW 36.01.130 (counties)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=36.01.130", "official": true, "pinpoint": null }, { "statute": "RCW 59.18.700 (statewide cap, EHB 1217, 2025)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.700", "official": true, "pinpoint": null }, { "statute": "RCW 59.18.710 (cap exemptions)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.710", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/washington/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/wa.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "WA", "locality": "Seattle", "record_type": "no_local_regime", "regime_name": "Rent Control (none; barred by state law)", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/washington/seattle/" } ] }, { "rank": 13, "cbsa_code": "38060", "metro": "Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ", "renter_households_2024": 658635, "households_2024": 1967378, "population_2024": 5186958, "principal_city": "Phoenix", "principal_state": "AZ", "states": [ { "state_code": "AZ", "state": "Arizona", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Cities and towns in Arizona cannot enact rent control on private residential housing — state law preempts local rent regulation, except for publicly owned, financed, insured, or subsidized housing (Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 33-1329).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 33-1329", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/33/01329.htm", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(A)-(B)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/arizona/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/az.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 14, "cbsa_code": "41740", "metro": "San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA", "renter_households_2024": 539908, "households_2024": 1185092, "population_2024": 3298799, "principal_city": "San Diego", "principal_state": "CA", "states": [ { "state_code": "CA", "state": "California", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "California cities and counties may adopt rent control, and many have, but state law limits how far local rules can reach — the Costa-Hawkins Act exempts newer buildings and single-family homes and lets landlords reset rent between tenancies, while a separate statewide cap of 5% plus inflation (max 10%) covers most other rentals through 2029 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.535, 1947.12).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.52 (Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.52&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.53&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12 (AB 1482 statewide cap)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1947.12&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ca.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 15, "cbsa_code": "19820", "metro": "Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI", "renter_households_2024": 510249, "households_2024": 1777768, "population_2024": 4400578, "principal_city": "Detroit", "principal_state": "MI", "states": [ { "state_code": "MI", "state": "Michigan", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Michigan law bars every local governmental unit — counties, cities, villages, and townships — from adopting any ordinance that would control the amount of rent charged for private residential property, except for property the local government itself owns and voluntary affordable-housing incentive programs.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Mich. Comp. Laws § 123.411", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-123-411", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/michigan/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/mi.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 16, "cbsa_code": "40140", "metro": "Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA", "renter_households_2024": 507535, "households_2024": 1484661, "population_2024": 4744214, "principal_city": "Riverside", "principal_state": "CA", "states": [ { "state_code": "CA", "state": "California", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "California cities and counties may adopt rent control, and many have, but state law limits how far local rules can reach — the Costa-Hawkins Act exempts newer buildings and single-family homes and lets landlords reset rent between tenancies, while a separate statewide cap of 5% plus inflation (max 10%) covers most other rentals through 2029 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.535, 1947.12).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.52 (Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.52&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.53&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12 (AB 1482 statewide cap)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1947.12&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ca.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 17, "cbsa_code": "12420", "metro": "Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX", "renter_households_2024": 457429, "households_2024": 1061155, "population_2024": 2550637, "principal_city": "Austin", "principal_state": "TX", "states": [ { "state_code": "TX", "state": "Texas", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "conditional_authorization", "summary": "Texas law allows a city to adopt rent control only in a declared housing emergency caused by a disaster and only with the governor's approval of the ordinance, which must end when the disaster declaration ends.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Tex. Loc. Gov't Code § 214.902", "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/LG/htm/LG.214.htm#214.902", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/texas/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/tx.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 18, "cbsa_code": "19740", "metro": "Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO", "renter_households_2024": 457427, "households_2024": 1265606, "population_2024": 3052498, "principal_city": "Denver", "principal_state": "CO", "states": [ { "state_code": "CO", "state": "Colorado", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Colorado law bars cities and counties from controlling rent on existing private residential housing, but allows voluntary rent-limiting agreements and, since 2021, inclusionary land-use rules that restrict rents on newly built or redeveloped units when the developer is given alternatives.", "citations": [ { "statute": "C.R.S. § 38-12-301 (official Colorado Legal Resources portal)", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/colorado/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(1)" }, { "statute": "C.R.S. § 38-12-301 (current-code mirror)", "url": "https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_38-12-301", "official": false, "pinpoint": "(1)" }, { "statute": "HB21-1117 (official bill record — local land-use authority over rents on newly constructed units, § 29-20-104(1)(e.5))", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb21-1117", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/colorado/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/co.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 19, "cbsa_code": "33460", "metro": "Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI", "renter_households_2024": 454732, "households_2024": 1508526, "population_2024": 3757952, "principal_city": "Minneapolis", "principal_state": "MN", "states": [ { "state_code": "MN", "state": "Minnesota", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "voter_approval_exception", "summary": "Minnesota law generally prohibits cities, counties, and towns from controlling rents on private residential property, but expressly allows local rent control when the measure is approved by voters at a general election — the pathway under which St. Paul's voter-approved rent stabilization ordinance operates.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Minn. Stat. § 471.9996", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/471.9996", "official": true, "pinpoint": "subds. 1-2" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/minnesota/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/mn.json" }, { "state_code": "WI", "state": "Wisconsin", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Wisconsin law bars every city, village, town, and county from regulating the amount of rent or fees charged for residential rental units, except for housing the local government itself owns or operates or regulates by voluntary agreement.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Wis. Stat. § 66.1015", "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/66/X/1015", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/wisconsin/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/wi.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "MN", "locality": "Minneapolis", "record_type": "no_local_regime", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization (none in force)", "verified": "2026-08-16", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/minnesota/minneapolis/" }, { "state_code": "MN", "locality": "St. Paul", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Residential Rent Stabilization", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/minnesota/st-paul/" } ] }, { "rank": 20, "cbsa_code": "45300", "metro": "Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL", "renter_households_2024": 440810, "households_2024": 1377328, "population_2024": 3424560, "principal_city": "Tampa", "principal_state": "FL", "states": [ { "state_code": "FL", "state": "Florida", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Florida law flatly bars cities and counties from adopting or keeping any measure that controls rents — the former pathway allowing one-year, referendum-approved rent control during a declared housing emergency was repealed in 2023 — though local governments may still use land-use tools like inclusionary housing ordinances to expand affordable housing.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 166.043 (municipalities)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0100-0199%2F0166%2FSections%2F0166.043.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" }, { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 125.0103 (counties)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0100-0199/0125/Sections/0125.0103.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/florida/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/fl.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 21, "cbsa_code": "36740", "metro": "Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL", "renter_households_2024": 419673, "households_2024": 1095333, "population_2024": 2940513, "principal_city": "Orlando", "principal_state": "FL", "states": [ { "state_code": "FL", "state": "Florida", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Florida law flatly bars cities and counties from adopting or keeping any measure that controls rents — the former pathway allowing one-year, referendum-approved rent control during a declared housing emergency was repealed in 2023 — though local governments may still use land-use tools like inclusionary housing ordinances to expand affordable housing.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 166.043 (municipalities)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0100-0199%2F0166%2FSections%2F0166.043.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" }, { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 125.0103 (counties)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0100-0199/0125/Sections/0125.0103.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/florida/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/fl.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 22, "cbsa_code": "38900", "metro": "Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA", "renter_households_2024": 399269, "households_2024": 1026663, "population_2024": 2537904, "principal_city": "Portland", "principal_state": "OR", "states": [ { "state_code": "OR", "state": "Oregon", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "Oregon law bars cities and counties from enacting local rent control, with narrow exceptions for subsidized housing, condominium conversions, and disasters, while a separate statewide law caps most annual rent increases.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Or. Rev. Stat. § 91.225", "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors091.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" }, { "statute": "Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 90.323, 90.324 (statewide cap)", "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors090.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/oregon/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/or.json" }, { "state_code": "WA", "state": "Washington", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "Washington cities and counties are barred from enacting local rent control, but since May 7, 2025 state law itself caps most residential rent increases — no increase in a tenancy's first 12 months, then the lesser of 7% plus CPI or 10% per year (5% for manufactured-home lot rents) — so the state sets the only rent limits and localities may not add their own.", "citations": [ { "statute": "RCW 35.21.830 (cities and towns)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=35.21.830", "official": true, "pinpoint": null }, { "statute": "RCW 36.01.130 (counties)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=36.01.130", "official": true, "pinpoint": null }, { "statute": "RCW 59.18.700 (statewide cap, EHB 1217, 2025)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.700", "official": true, "pinpoint": null }, { "statute": "RCW 59.18.710 (cap exemptions)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.710", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/washington/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/wa.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 23, "cbsa_code": "16740", "metro": "Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC", "renter_households_2024": 383002, "households_2024": 1128197, "population_2024": 2883370, "principal_city": "Charlotte", "principal_state": "NC", "states": [ { "state_code": "NC", "state": "North Carolina", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "North Carolina law prohibits counties and cities from regulating the rent charged for privately owned residential or commercial rental property, with exceptions for government-owned housing, subsidized-rental agreements, CDBG-assisted properties, and properties receiving local funding or incentives.", "citations": [ { "statute": "N.C.G.S. § 42-14.1", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/pdf/bysection/chapter_42/gs_42-14.1.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/north-carolina/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/nc.json" }, { "state_code": "SC", "state": "South Carolina", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "South Carolina law bars counties and cities from regulating the rent charged for privately owned residential or commercial rental property, with narrow exceptions for government-owned property and negotiated subsidized-housing agreements.", "citations": [ { "statute": "S.C. Code Ann. § 27-39-60", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t27c039.php", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/south-carolina/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/sc.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 24, "cbsa_code": "12580", "metro": "Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD", "renter_households_2024": 380098, "households_2024": 1140975, "population_2024": 2859024, "principal_city": "Baltimore", "principal_state": "MD", "states": [ { "state_code": "MD", "state": "Maryland", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Maryland law does not preempt local rent regulation, and Takoma Park, Montgomery County, and Prince George's County each operate rent stabilization programs under local home-rule powers.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Md. Code, Local Gov't § 10-206 (Express Powers Act)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=glg§ion=10-206", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/maryland/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/md.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 25, "cbsa_code": "29820", "metro": "Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV", "renter_households_2024": 375458, "households_2024": 890338, "population_2024": 2398871, "principal_city": "Las Vegas", "principal_state": "NV", "states": [ { "state_code": "NV", "state": "Nevada", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No Nevada statute expressly addresses local rent control — state law neither authorizes nor prohibits cities or counties from regulating residential rents, and no Nevada locality has enacted rent control.", "citations": [], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/nevada/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/nv.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 26, "cbsa_code": "41700", "metro": "San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX", "renter_households_2024": 371338, "households_2024": 1006232, "population_2024": 2763006, "principal_city": "San Antonio", "principal_state": "TX", "states": [ { "state_code": "TX", "state": "Texas", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "conditional_authorization", "summary": "Texas law allows a city to adopt rent control only in a declared housing emergency caused by a disaster and only with the governor's approval of the ordinance, which must end when the disaster declaration ends.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Tex. Loc. Gov't Code § 214.902", "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/LG/htm/LG.214.htm#214.902", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/texas/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/tx.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 27, "cbsa_code": "41180", "metro": "St. Louis, MO-IL", "renter_households_2024": 343934, "households_2024": 1178246, "population_2024": 2811927, "principal_city": "St. Louis", "principal_state": "MO", "states": [ { "state_code": "MO", "state": "Missouri", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Missouri law prohibits counties and cities, including charter jurisdictions, from adopting any ordinance regulating the amount of rent charged for privately owned residential or commercial rental property, with narrow exceptions for government-owned, subsidized, and CDBG-assisted properties.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Mo. Rev. Stat. § 441.043 (as amended eff. 8/28/2025)", "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=441.043", "official": true, "pinpoint": "subsec. 1" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/missouri/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/mo.json" }, { "state_code": "IL", "state": "Illinois", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Illinois's Rent Control Preemption Act forbids every unit of local government, including home-rule cities such as Chicago, from controlling the amount of rent charged for private residential or commercial property; the only exception is housing the local government itself has an interest in.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Rent Control Preemption Act, 50 ILCS 825", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=748&ChapterID=11", "official": true, "pinpoint": "§§ 5, 10" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/illinois/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/il.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 28, "cbsa_code": "18140", "metro": "Columbus, OH", "renter_households_2024": 332895, "households_2024": 880121, "population_2024": 2225377, "principal_city": "Columbus", "principal_state": "OH", "states": [ { "state_code": "OH", "state": "Ohio", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Ohio law expressly prohibits political subdivisions from imposing or requiring rent control or rent stabilization, with exceptions for local safety codes, publicly owned housing, and voluntary incentive-based agreements that regulate rent.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ohio Rev. Code § 5321.19 (H.B. 430, eff. 9/23/2022)", "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-5321.19", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(A)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/ohio/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/oh.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 29, "cbsa_code": "40900", "metro": "Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA", "renter_households_2024": 327388, "households_2024": 900218, "population_2024": 2463127, "principal_city": "Sacramento", "principal_state": "CA", "states": [ { "state_code": "CA", "state": "California", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "California cities and counties may adopt rent control, and many have, but state law limits how far local rules can reach — the Costa-Hawkins Act exempts newer buildings and single-family homes and lets landlords reset rent between tenancies, while a separate statewide cap of 5% plus inflation (max 10%) covers most other rentals through 2029 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.535, 1947.12).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.52 (Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.52&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.53&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12 (AB 1482 statewide cap)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1947.12&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ca.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Sacramento", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Tenant Protection Program (Sacramento Tenant Protection Act)", "verified": "2026-08-16", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/sacramento/" } ] }, { "rank": 30, "cbsa_code": "41940", "metro": "San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA", "renter_households_2024": 315397, "households_2024": 693483, "population_2024": 1995484, "principal_city": "San Jose", "principal_state": "CA", "states": [ { "state_code": "CA", "state": "California", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "California cities and counties may adopt rent control, and many have, but state law limits how far local rules can reach — the Costa-Hawkins Act exempts newer buildings and single-family homes and lets landlords reset rent between tenancies, while a separate statewide cap of 5% plus inflation (max 10%) covers most other rentals through 2029 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.535, 1947.12).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.52 (Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.52&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.53&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12 (AB 1482 statewide cap)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1947.12&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ca.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "San Jose", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Apartment Rent Ordinance (ARO)", "verified": "2026-08-16", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/san-jose/" }, { "state_code": "CA", "locality": "Mountain View", "record_type": "local_ordinance", "regime_name": "Community Stabilization and Fair Rent Act (Measure V)", "verified": "2026-08-17", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/mountain-view/" } ] }, { "rank": 31, "cbsa_code": "38300", "metro": "Pittsburgh, PA", "renter_households_2024": 311288, "households_2024": 1071618, "population_2024": 2429917, "principal_city": "Pittsburgh", "principal_state": "PA", "states": [ { "state_code": "PA", "state": "Pennsylvania", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No Pennsylvania statute expressly addresses local rent control; whether a municipality could regulate rents turns on the general limits of municipal power under state law rather than any express rent-regulation ban.", "citations": [], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/pennsylvania/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/pa.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 32, "cbsa_code": "34980", "metro": "Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN", "renter_households_2024": 307415, "households_2024": 869185, "population_2024": 2150553, "principal_city": "Nashville", "principal_state": "TN", "states": [ { "state_code": "TN", "state": "Tennessee", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Tennessee law bars local governments from adopting any ordinance or resolution that controls the amount of rent charged for private residential or commercial property.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-35-102 (official code access)", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-35-102 (current-code mirror)", "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-66/chapter-35/section-66-35-102/", "official": false, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/tennessee/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/tn.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 33, "cbsa_code": "28140", "metro": "Kansas City, MO-KS", "renter_households_2024": 303939, "households_2024": 914522, "population_2024": 2253579, "principal_city": "Kansas City", "principal_state": "MO", "states": [ { "state_code": "MO", "state": "Missouri", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Missouri law prohibits counties and cities, including charter jurisdictions, from adopting any ordinance regulating the amount of rent charged for privately owned residential or commercial rental property, with narrow exceptions for government-owned, subsidized, and CDBG-assisted properties.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Mo. Rev. Stat. § 441.043 (as amended eff. 8/28/2025)", "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=441.043", "official": true, "pinpoint": "subsec. 1" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/missouri/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/mo.json" }, { "state_code": "KS", "state": "Kansas", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Kansas law bars cities, counties, and other political subdivisions from controlling rents on privately owned residential or commercial property, with exceptions for government-owned property and voluntary incentive agreements.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Kan. Stat. Ann. § 12-16,120", "url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch12/012_016_0120.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/kansas/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ks.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 34, "cbsa_code": "17410", "metro": "Cleveland, OH", "renter_households_2024": 295109, "households_2024": 936673, "population_2024": 2171877, "principal_city": "Cleveland", "principal_state": "OH", "states": [ { "state_code": "OH", "state": "Ohio", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Ohio law expressly prohibits political subdivisions from imposing or requiring rent control or rent stabilization, with exceptions for local safety codes, publicly owned housing, and voluntary incentive-based agreements that regulate rent.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ohio Rev. Code § 5321.19 (H.B. 430, eff. 9/23/2022)", "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-5321.19", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(A)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/ohio/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/oh.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 35, "cbsa_code": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "renter_households_2024": 290040, "households_2024": 922646, "population_2024": 2302815, "principal_city": "Cincinnati", "principal_state": "OH", "states": [ { "state_code": "OH", "state": "Ohio", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Ohio law expressly prohibits political subdivisions from imposing or requiring rent control or rent stabilization, with exceptions for local safety codes, publicly owned housing, and voluntary incentive-based agreements that regulate rent.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ohio Rev. Code § 5321.19 (H.B. 430, eff. 9/23/2022)", "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-5321.19", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(A)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/ohio/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/oh.json" }, { "state_code": "KY", "state": "Kentucky", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Kentucky law reserves rent control on private property exclusively to the General Assembly, barring cities and counties from enacting it, except for publicly assisted housing that local governments manage through housing authorities or federal programs.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ky. Rev. Stat. § 65.875", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=23533", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/kentucky/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ky.json" }, { "state_code": "IN", "state": "Indiana", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "legislative_approval_exception", "summary": "Indiana law bars counties, cities, and towns from regulating rental rates for privately owned property unless the General Assembly authorizes it, with an exception for housing already subsidized by government funds to provide reduced rents to lower-income tenants.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ind. Code § 32-31-1-20", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/32#32-31-1-20", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(b)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/indiana/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/in.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 36, "cbsa_code": "26900", "metro": "Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN", "renter_households_2024": 289397, "households_2024": 869616, "population_2024": 2174833, "principal_city": "Indianapolis", "principal_state": "IN", "states": [ { "state_code": "IN", "state": "Indiana", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "legislative_approval_exception", "summary": "Indiana law bars counties, cities, and towns from regulating rental rates for privately owned property unless the General Assembly authorizes it, with an exception for housing already subsidized by government funds to provide reduced rents to lower-income tenants.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ind. Code § 32-31-1-20", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/32#32-31-1-20", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(b)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/indiana/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/in.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 37, "cbsa_code": "47260", "metro": "Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC", "renter_households_2024": 266624, "households_2024": 717911, "population_2024": 1794278, "principal_city": "Virginia Beach", "principal_state": "VA", "states": [ { "state_code": "VA", "state": "Virginia", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "field_preemption", "summary": "Virginia law does not bar rent control by name, but the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act supersedes all local ordinances concerning landlord-tenant relations and residential leasing, and no statute grants localities authority to regulate rent — so cities and counties cannot enact rent control.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Va. Code § 55.1-1201", "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter12/section55.1-1201/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(A), (E)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/virginia/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/va.json" }, { "state_code": "NC", "state": "North Carolina", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "North Carolina law prohibits counties and cities from regulating the rent charged for privately owned residential or commercial rental property, with exceptions for government-owned housing, subsidized-rental agreements, CDBG-assisted properties, and properties receiving local funding or incentives.", "citations": [ { "statute": "N.C.G.S. § 42-14.1", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/pdf/bysection/chapter_42/gs_42-14.1.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/north-carolina/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/nc.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 38, "cbsa_code": "33340", "metro": "Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI", "renter_households_2024": 260009, "households_2024": 663225, "population_2024": 1574452, "principal_city": "Milwaukee", "principal_state": "WI", "states": [ { "state_code": "WI", "state": "Wisconsin", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Wisconsin law bars every city, village, town, and county from regulating the amount of rent or fees charged for residential rental units, except for housing the local government itself owns or operates or regulates by voluntary agreement.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Wis. Stat. § 66.1015", "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/66/X/1015", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/wisconsin/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/wi.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 39, "cbsa_code": "39300", "metro": "Providence-Warwick, RI-MA", "renter_households_2024": 249194, "households_2024": 683183, "population_2024": 1700901, "principal_city": "Providence", "principal_state": "RI", "states": [ { "state_code": "RI", "state": "Rhode Island", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No Rhode Island statute expressly addresses local rent control, either to authorize it or to prohibit it; the state's landlord-tenant law regulates only the notice a landlord must give before raising rent.", "citations": [], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/rhode-island/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ri.json" }, { "state_code": "MA", "state": "Massachusetts", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Massachusetts law prohibits cities and towns from enacting rent control of any kind, allowing only a narrow opt-in scheme in which owner compliance is voluntary and the municipality must compensate owners from general funds — a pathway no municipality uses.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 40P, § 4", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter40P/Section4", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/massachusetts/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ma.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "RI", "locality": "Providence", "record_type": "no_local_regime", "regime_name": "Rent Stabilization (none in force)", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/rhode-island/providence/" } ] }, { "rank": 40, "cbsa_code": "27260", "metro": "Jacksonville, FL", "renter_households_2024": 230447, "households_2024": 707683, "population_2024": 1760548, "principal_city": "Jacksonville", "principal_state": "FL", "states": [ { "state_code": "FL", "state": "Florida", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Florida law flatly bars cities and counties from adopting or keeping any measure that controls rents — the former pathway allowing one-year, referendum-approved rent control during a declared housing emergency was repealed in 2023 — though local governments may still use land-use tools like inclusionary housing ordinances to expand affordable housing.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 166.043 (municipalities)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0100-0199%2F0166%2FSections%2F0166.043.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" }, { "statute": "Fla. Stat. § 125.0103 (counties)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0100-0199/0125/Sections/0125.0103.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/florida/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/fl.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 41, "cbsa_code": "39580", "metro": "Raleigh-Cary, NC", "renter_households_2024": 218517, "households_2024": 623704, "population_2024": 1562009, "principal_city": "Raleigh", "principal_state": "NC", "states": [ { "state_code": "NC", "state": "North Carolina", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "North Carolina law prohibits counties and cities from regulating the rent charged for privately owned residential or commercial rental property, with exceptions for government-owned housing, subsidized-rental agreements, CDBG-assisted properties, and properties receiving local funding or incentives.", "citations": [ { "statute": "N.C.G.S. § 42-14.1", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/pdf/bysection/chapter_42/gs_42-14.1.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/north-carolina/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/nc.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 42, "cbsa_code": "36420", "metro": "Oklahoma City, OK", "renter_households_2024": 216572, "households_2024": 588886, "population_2024": 1497821, "principal_city": "Oklahoma City", "principal_state": "OK", "states": [ { "state_code": "OK", "state": "Oklahoma", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Oklahoma law bars city governments from regulating the rent charged for privately owned residential or commercial rental property, with narrow exceptions for city-owned property and subsidized housing.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Okla. Stat. tit. 11, § 14-101.1", "url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=75896", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/oklahoma/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ok.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 43, "cbsa_code": "32820", "metro": "Memphis, TN-MS-AR", "renter_households_2024": 213355, "households_2024": 527810, "population_2024": 1339345, "principal_city": "Memphis", "principal_state": "TN", "states": [ { "state_code": "TN", "state": "Tennessee", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Tennessee law bars local governments from adopting any ordinance or resolution that controls the amount of rent charged for private residential or commercial property.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-35-102 (official code access)", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-35-102 (current-code mirror)", "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-66/chapter-35/section-66-35-102/", "official": false, "pinpoint": "(a)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/tennessee/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/tn.json" }, { "state_code": "MS", "state": "Mississippi", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "legislative_approval_exception", "summary": "Mississippi law withholds from municipalities and counties the power to regulate, directly or indirectly, the amount of rent charged for private residential property unless the state legislature first approves, and no local rent control exists in the state.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Miss. Code Ann. § 21-17-5 (municipalities; official code portal)", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(2)(h)" }, { "statute": "Miss. Code Ann. § 19-3-40 (county parallel; official code portal)", "url": "https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(3)(g)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/mississippi/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ms.json" }, { "state_code": "AR", "state": "Arkansas", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Cities and counties in Arkansas cannot regulate the amount charged for rent, rental application fees, or rental deposits on private residential or commercial property — state law preempts all three, leaving only the state's own deposit-cap law and housing the local government itself owns (Ark. Code Ann. §§ 14-16-601, 14-54-1409).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ark. Code Ann. § 14-16-601, as amended by Act 459 of 2025 (official session law, eff. 2025-08-05)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=/ACTS/2025R/Public/ACT459.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(b)(1)" }, { "statute": "Ark. Code Ann. § 14-54-1409 (municipal parallel, same act)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=/ACTS/2025R/Public/ACT459.pdf", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(b)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/arkansas/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ar.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 44, "cbsa_code": "40060", "metro": "Richmond, VA", "renter_households_2024": 186692, "households_2024": 554412, "population_2024": 1370165, "principal_city": "Richmond", "principal_state": "VA", "states": [ { "state_code": "VA", "state": "Virginia", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "field_preemption", "summary": "Virginia law does not bar rent control by name, but the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act supersedes all local ordinances concerning landlord-tenant relations and residential leasing, and no statute grants localities authority to regulate rent — so cities and counties cannot enact rent control.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Va. Code § 55.1-1201", "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title55.1/chapter12/section55.1-1201/", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(A), (E)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/virginia/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/va.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 45, "cbsa_code": "31140", "metro": "Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN", "renter_households_2024": 177423, "households_2024": 570303, "population_2024": 1394234, "principal_city": "Louisville", "principal_state": "KY", "states": [ { "state_code": "KY", "state": "Kentucky", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Kentucky law reserves rent control on private property exclusively to the General Assembly, barring cities and counties from enacting it, except for publicly assisted housing that local governments manage through housing authorities or federal programs.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ky. Rev. Stat. § 65.875", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=23533", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/kentucky/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ky.json" }, { "state_code": "IN", "state": "Indiana", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "legislative_approval_exception", "summary": "Indiana law bars counties, cities, and towns from regulating rental rates for privately owned property unless the General Assembly authorizes it, with an exception for housing already subsidized by government funds to provide reduced rents to lower-income tenants.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Ind. Code § 32-31-1-20", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/32#32-31-1-20", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(b)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/indiana/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/in.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 46, "cbsa_code": "41620", "metro": "Salt Lake City-Murray, UT", "renter_households_2024": 162475, "households_2024": 469925, "population_2024": 1300762, "principal_city": "Salt Lake City", "principal_state": "UT", "states": [ { "state_code": "UT", "state": "Utah", "posture": "preempted", "posture_qualifier": "legislative_approval_exception", "summary": "Utah law bars counties, cities, and towns from controlling rents or fees on private residential property unless the Legislature expressly approves, and leaves local zoning, building, and planning authority intact.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Utah Code § 57-20-1", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter20/57-20-S1.html", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/utah/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ut.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 47, "cbsa_code": "23420", "metro": "Fresno, CA", "renter_households_2024": 159932, "households_2024": 379101, "population_2024": 1189557, "principal_city": "Fresno", "principal_state": "CA", "states": [ { "state_code": "CA", "state": "California", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": "statewide_rent_cap", "summary": "California cities and counties may adopt rent control, and many have, but state law limits how far local rules can reach — the Costa-Hawkins Act exempts newer buildings and single-family homes and lets landlords reset rent between tenancies, while a separate statewide cap of 5% plus inflation (max 10%) covers most other rentals through 2029 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.535, 1947.12).", "citations": [ { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.52 (Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.52&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1954.53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1954.53&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)" }, { "statute": "Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12 (AB 1482 statewide cap)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1947.12&lawCode=CIV", "official": true, "pinpoint": "(a)(1)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/california/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ca.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 48, "cbsa_code": "15380", "metro": "Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY", "renter_households_2024": 157396, "households_2024": 504693, "population_2024": 1160172, "principal_city": "Buffalo", "principal_state": "NY", "states": [ { "state_code": "NY", "state": "New York", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "New York expressly authorizes local rent regulation — any city, town, or village may opt into rent stabilization under the Emergency Tenant Protection Act by declaring a housing emergency where the rental vacancy rate is five percent or less, an option the 2019 Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act extended statewide.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Emergency Tenant Protection Act of 1974 § 3 (Unconsol. Laws § 8623)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ETP/3", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/new-york/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ny.json" } ], "local_records": [] }, { "rank": 49, "cbsa_code": "25540", "metro": "Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT", "renter_households_2024": 154864, "households_2024": 469594, "population_2024": 1169048, "principal_city": "Hartford", "principal_state": "CT", "states": [ { "state_code": "CT", "state": "Connecticut", "posture": "not_preempted", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "Connecticut has no statute barring local rent regulation; instead it expressly authorizes municipal fair rent commissions — and, since January 1, 2026, requires every municipality of 15,000 or more residents to create or join one — with power to hear complaints and roll back excessive rents. The mandate first applied to municipalities of 25,000 or more in July 2023; municipalities newly covered by the lower threshold have until January 1, 2028 to comply, and the commission may be the municipality's own, joint with neighboring towns, or regional.", "citations": [ { "statute": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148b (fair rent commissions — 2026 Supplement, as amended by Nov. Sp. Sess. P.A. 25-1, § 35)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/sup/chap_098.htm", "official": true, "pinpoint": "subsecs. (b)–(c)" } ], "verified": "2026-08-13", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/connecticut/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/ct.json" } ], "local_records": [ { "state_code": "CT", "locality": "Connecticut municipalities", "record_type": "state_framework", "regime_name": "Municipal Fair Rent Commissions", "verified": "2026-08-13", "canonical_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/connecticut/fair-rent-commissions/" } ] }, { "rank": 50, "cbsa_code": "35380", "metro": "New Orleans-Metairie, LA", "renter_households_2024": 154367, "households_2024": 403456, "population_2024": 966230, "principal_city": "New Orleans", "principal_state": "LA", "states": [ { "state_code": "LA", "state": "Louisiana", "posture": "no_express_statute", "posture_qualifier": null, "summary": "No Louisiana statute expressly addresses local rent control; a general lessor-rights statute provides that lessors' property rights may be altered only by state law, and no Louisiana city or parish regulates rents.", "citations": [ { "statute": "La. R.S. 9:3258 (lessor-rights statute; does not mention rent regulation or local governments)", "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=107472", "official": true, "pinpoint": null } ], "verified": "2026-08-12", "state_page": "https://landlordatlas.com/laws/louisiana/", "state_export": "https://landlordatlas.com/data/states/la.json" } ], "local_records": [] } ] }